In the 1990s, the Pulse Width Modulation charge controller, often known as the PWM solar charge controller, was a highly common form of the solar battery charger controller. PWM is not hardware; it is an algorithm. The PWM controller is what is used when this algorithm is integrated into a solar charge controller. Any solar charge controller, even PWM ones, have the function of lowering the voltage of the solar power system so that it is in line with the voltage of the battery.
In order to produce a particular type of waveform that is needed for the output, the PWM charge controller alters the input waveform. PWM is used in this method to control output wave generation, which then automatically controls the load.
Let’s probe further to learn more.
How does a PWM Controller Works
It’s important to charge solar batteries at the proper rate. This is aided by a PWM solar charge controller. The PWM controller algorithm gradually reduces the charging current whenever the batteries’ voltage reached the specified point for regulation. It assists in avoiding overheating and gassing of the battery.
It prevents the battery from overcharging and also protects from reverse current flow from solar battery to solar panel during night time, hence saving the solar panel from any damage
A PWM Power Converter Controller’s Features
Let’s examine the characteristics of this controller now:
- Protection Against Battery Overcharging: Helps in charging the battery from solar panel without permitting overcharging, hence saving battery from getting damaged.
- Reverse Current Flow Protection: Helps in protecting from reverse current flow from solar battery to solar panel during night time
- Suitability for Smaller Applications: The PWM controller is the best choice to run DC appliances.
PWM Solar Charge Controller Cost
Price is one of the most crucial considerations when buying any piece of equipment, and the PWM solar charge controller is no exception. One of the factors that led to their initial replacement by MPPT solar charge controllers was their expensive cost.
What is the Operation of a PWM Solar Charge Controller in a Battery System?
Charging a solar-powered battery at the right level is crucial. A PWM solar charge controller helps plays a significant role in that. Whenever the battery voltage reaches the set point of regulation, the device’s algorithm steadily controls and reduces the charging current. It prevents the battery from overheating. A PWM controller operates by modifying the frequency levels. This frequency modulation is conducted to modify the output. This is how this charge controller measures the output.
The controller evaluates the voltage and adjusts the charge of the batteries accordingly. A solar charge controller comes in-built in an inverter. It is to be noted that your battery bank and solar power system must both have the same voltage. The battery must be charged after it runs out of power. The PWM controller begins operating when the battery needs to be charged so that it can adjust the waveform in accordance with the battery’s waveform requirements.
It maintains a trickling condition once the battery is fully charged, which involves continuously delivering a small quantity to keep the battery filled. A PWM charge controller is used in a battery system to manage how much current the loads or solar PV modules can supply to the battery.
Which One is Better: MPPT or PWM?
MPPT charge controllers are 30% more efficient as compared to PWM charge controllers, hence are priced a bit higher due to their better performance. But it depends on type of application for which you want to buy MPPT or PWM charge controller. For example, If you want to run less DC appliances, go with PWM charge controllers and for more/bigger DC appliances, go for MPPT charge controllers.
Conclusion
A PWM controller is the most common type of solar charge controller for small, off-grid solar systems. Nowadays, MPPT solar charge controllers are used frequently as well. When making a purchase, it is advised to spend money on reputable brand like Luminous. You can get a wide range of solar products and services under a single roof.
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